Maltese vs Papillon
A side-by-side comparison to help you find the right breed for your lifestyle.
Maltese
Also known as: Maltese Lion Dog, Melita, Roman Ladies' Dog, Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta
The Maltese is an ancient companion breed with a long, silky white coat. Known for its affectionate, devoted nature and low-shedding coat, this toy breed requires dedicated grooming but rewards owners with unwavering devotion. Originally bred for over 2,000 years solely for companionship, the Maltese thrives on human contact and struggles when left alone.
Extra Small
Medium
12-15+ yrs
21-25 cm
1.8-3.2 kg
Papillon
Also known as: Continental Toy Spaniel, Butterfly Dog, Phalene (drop-eared variety)
The Papillon is a small, elegant toy breed known for its distinctive butterfly-like ears and lively, intelligent personality. Often called 'the Border Collie of the toy group,' this brilliant and athletic dog is packed into a 5-10 pound frame. With a friendly and playful demeanor, Papillons make excellent companions and are highly trainable, excelling in obedience and agility competitions.
Extra Small
High
14-16 yrs
20-28 cm
2.27-4.54 kg
Quick Comparison
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Energy | ||
| Trainability | ||
| Grooming Needs | ||
| Family Friendly | ||
| Independence |
Key Characteristics
| Good with Kids | ||
| Good with Dogs | ||
| Good with Cats | ||
| Hypoallergenic | ||
| Apartment Friendly | ||
| First-Time Owner OK |
| Detail | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Extra Small | Extra Small |
| Energy Level | Medium | High |
| Grooming | High | Medium |
| Trainability | Moderate | Easy |
| Barking Level | High | High |
| Shedding Level | Low | Medium |
| Chew strength | Light | Light |
| Housing | Apartment | Apartment |
Owner Fit & Decision Guide
Owner Match
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Experience Level | Beginner (with grooming commitment) | Beginner with conditions |
| First-Time Owner | ||
| Ideal Owner | Retirees, empty nesters, or remote workers who enjoy constant physical contact. Someone who wants a 'baby' rather than just a dog and has time for dedicated grooming. | Adult or family with older children who wants an intelligent, trainable companion. Works from home or can provide midday companionship. Willing to commit to daily dental care and regular training sessions. |
Maltese Dealbreakers
- Work away from home 8+ hours
- Have toddlers (fragile breed - falling on Maltese can break bones)
- Cannot commit to daily grooming and dental care
- Noise-sensitive living situation
Papillon Dealbreakers
- Households with children under 6 - risk of accidental injury too high
- Owners wanting a 'yard dog' - must live indoors as family
- Owners who want a silent home - they will bark
- Works 8+ hours away from home
Surrender Risk
| Factor | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Risk Level | Medium | Low |
| Primary Reasons | Moving/housing changes, Lack of time for grooming and companionship, Behavioral issues (barking, housebreaking failures) | Owner death/illness (common with elderly owners), Fear-based biting when handled roughly by kids, Excessive barking incompatible with apartment neighbors |
Temperament & Personality
Behavior Comparison
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Prey Drive | ||
| Watchdog Ability | ||
| Stranger Friendly | ||
| Drool Level | ||
| Wanderlust |
Vocalization
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Barking Level | High | High |
| Howling Tendency | ||
| Whining Tendency | High | Medium |
| Separation Vocalization |
Safety & Reliability
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Escape Artist | ||
| Dog Park Suitable | ||
| Off-Leash Reliable | ||
| Small Animal Safe | ||
| Leash Reactivity | ||
| Resource Guarding Risk | Moderate | Moderate |
Maltese Social Traits
Moderate
Often doesn't realize small size - may challenge large dogs (Napoleon Complex)
Papillon Social Traits
Moderate
May conflict with same-sex dogs if resources not managed
Training
Maltese
- Use treats and praise exclusively - harsh methods backfire
- Don't laugh when puppy growls at slippers - set boundaries early
- Consistency is key with housebreaking - frequent outings, crate training
Papillon
- Never use harsh corrections - they are sensitive souls
- Use their intelligence - they LOVE learning new tricks
- Crate training highly recommended for potty training
- Pee pads/litter box valid for high-rise living
Maltese Considerations
Bred for millennia solely for companionship, Maltese often panic when left alone. This manifests as destructive chewing, self-mutilation (licking paws raw), and relentless vocalization. Not suitable for 8-hour workdays without intervention.
Despite their size, Maltese are vigilant watchdogs. They will announce every delivery truck, neighbor, and leaf. In apartments, this high-pitched, persistent barking can lead to noise complaints and eviction notices.
The single most common frustration. Small bladders require frequent outings, and they can be sneaky about indoor accidents. Even adult Maltese may not be 100% reliable outside a crate or pen.
Because they are fragile, owners often tolerate behaviors (growling, snapping, resource guarding) that would be unacceptable in larger dogs. This can create a dog that rules the household.
Papillon Considerations
Papillons possess boldness that disproportionately exceeds their size. They will challenge much larger dogs, leading to tragic outcomes if not protected. This is genuine territorial confidence, not 'yappiness'.
This is a 'velcro' breed bred for centuries as lap companions to nobility. They do not tolerate isolation well. Owners working 8+ hours away often find their Papillon develops severe distress behaviors.
While not mindless yappers, they are vigilant watchdogs. They will announce every delivery truck, doorbell, and passerby. In apartments with thin walls, this can become a lease-breaking issue.
Unlike sturdy Golden Retrievers, Papillons cannot be roughly handled. They are quick to snap if manhandled, making them a poor choice for households with toddlers who lack impulse control.
Multi-Species Compatibility
| Species | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| With Cats | Generally excellent - one of the most cat-compatible breeds | Generally safe if raised with them, may harass with play attempts |
| Small Mammals | Generally safe with supervision - not a terrier, low prey drive | Caution required - ratter instinct still present |
| Birds / Reptiles | Use caution - fluttering birds may trigger chase instinct | Not recommended - spaniel heritage triggers chase |
Advanced Behavior
| Trait | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Predatory Sequence Risk | Arrested/None | Arrested |
| Biddability | High | High |
| Noise Sensitivity | Medium | Medium |
| Territorial Barking | ||
| Same-Sex Aggression Onset | N/A | 12 months |
Maltese: Kill instinct largely bred out - may chase but rarely grab or kill. Cooperative partners who want to please, but also prioritize comfort. Leash reactivity stems from feeling vulnerable at small size.
Papillon: Predatory sequence: Eye -> Stalk -> Chase (grab-bite inhibited). They WANT to work with you - unlike terriers who ask 'What's in it for me?'. Same-sex aggression if resources (you, food, toys) not managed.
First Year & Life Stages
First Year Challenges
| Challenge | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy Difficulty | ||
| Destructive Phase | 4-10 | 6-12 |
| House Training | Hard | Medium |
| Crate Training | Medium | High |
| Adolescent Regression |
Maltese: Hypoglycemia risk in young puppies - monitor food intake vigilantly. Small bladder makes housebreaking a 4-6 month challenge minimum. Crate training essential but must be introduced gently.
Papillon: Physically fragile - main risk is trauma from being dropped or stepped on. Teething puppies will surgically chew electrical cords. Small bladders mean expect accidents for 6-8 months.
Life Stages Timeline
| Stage | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Puppy Phase | 10 months | 10 months |
| Adolescence | 6-10 | 10-18 |
| Adult Years | 1-8 | 2-9 |
| Senior Onset | ~9 years | ~10 years |
| Peak Energy Age | 1-4 years | 1-5 years |
Size & Physical Characteristics
Physical Stats
| Measurement | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Height | 21-25 cm | 20-28 cm |
| Weight | Not enough data yet | Not enough data yet |
| Size Category | Extra Small | Extra Small |
| Lifespan | N/A | 14–16 years |
| Litter Size | 2-4 | 2-4 |
Maltese Coat
Papillon Coat
Lineage & Origin
| Detail | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Original Purpose | Companionship for Roman matrons and royalty | Continental Toy Spaniel - lap companion to European nobility, also ratters and flushers of small birds |
| Origin | Mediterranean (Malta), referenced by Aristotle 384-322 BC | France/Belgium, 16th century |
Breeding Details
| Detail | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| C-Section Rate | 20-30% | 20-30% |
| Whelping Difficulty | Medium | Medium |
| Puppy Mortality Rate | Moderate | Medium |
Physical Risks
| Risk | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Bloat / GDV Risk | Low | None |
| Slippery Floor Risk | Medium | Medium |
| Min Fence Height | 0.6m | 0.6m |
| Dig / Escape Risk | Low | Low |
Health & Common Conditions
Maltese Health Issues
Papillon Health Issues
Maltese Suggested Tests
- OFA Patella clearance
- OFA Cardiac clearance
- Serum Bile Acid test (liver shunt screening)
Papillon Suggested Tests
- Pap_PRA1 genetic test
- NAD genetic test
- OFA Patella evaluation
- OFA Eye certification (CAER)
Health Risk Overview
| Risk Factor | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer Risk | Low | Low |
| Cardiac Risk | High | Low |
| Neurological Risk | Medium | Medium |
| CCL/ACL Tear Risk | Low | Low |
| Vet Burden Tier | Medium | Medium |
Sensitivities & Allergies
| Sensitivity | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Allergies | ||
| Environmental Allergies | ||
| Stomach Sensitivity | Medium | Low |
| Food Allergies | Chicken, Grains |
Health Maintenance
| Care Item | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Nail Growth Rate | Normal | Normal |
| Eye Care Needs | High | Low |
| Anal Gland Issues | Occasional | Occasional |
Senior Care & Aging
Maltese Senior Care
Common Senior Issues
- Dental disease escalation
- Heart murmurs (MVD onset)
- Cataracts/vision loss
- Arthritis requiring furniture stairs
Significant dental intervention often needed by age 9+. Heart murmurs common - regular cardiac monitoring essential.
Papillon Senior Care
Common Senior Issues
- Arthritis
- Vision/hearing loss
- Cognitive decline (sundowning)
- Dental deterioration
Long-lived breed (14-16 years). Ramps for furniture become essential to prevent jumping injuries. Some risk of confusion in very old age.
Grooming & Care
Maltese
high maintenancePapillon
medium maintenanceLifestyle Compatibility
Maltese Daily Life
Papillon Daily Life
Housing & Legal Restrictions
| Restriction | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| BSL Restricted | ||
| Common Rental Ban | ||
| Insurance Blacklist | ||
| Weight Category | Under 25lbs | Under 25lbs |
Climate Tolerance
| Climate | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Heat Tolerance | ||
| Cold Tolerance | ||
| Water Affinity | Low | Low |
Travel Compatibility
| Activity | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Car Travel | Good | Excellent |
| Camping | ||
| Beach Friendly | ||
| Hiking Rating | ||
| Cabin Flight Eligible | ||
| Hotel Friendly Size |
Niche Suitability
| Role | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Service Dog | Low | Medium |
| Therapy Dog | High | Medium |
| Deep Pressure Therapy | ||
| Canicross / Bikejoring | ||
| Apartment Adaptable | ||
| Tactile / Sensory Friendly | ||
| Livestock Guardian | ||
| Medical Alert | Low | Low |
Costs & Expenses
Upfront Costs
| Cost | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Purchase Price | $2,000-4,000 | $1,000-3,000 |
| Initial Cost Range | $2,000–$4,000 | $1,000–$3,000 |
| Cost Tier |
Ongoing Costs
| Cost | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly Range | $100–$180 | $80–$130 |
| Yearly Range | $2,000–$2,500 | $960–$1,560 |
| Food / Month | $25-40 | $20-40 |
| Insurance / Month | $40-70 | $30-60 |
| Grooming / Session | $50-100 | $50-80 |
| Vet Routine / Year | $400-800 | $200-400 |
| Monthly Cost Tier |
Maltese Lifetime Cost
$25,000-40,000
Papillon Lifetime Cost
$15,000-25,000
Quirks & Fun Facts
Daily Quirks
| Quirk | Maltese | Papillon |
|---|---|---|
| Snoring | ||
| Flatulence | Rare | Rare |
| Slobber Level | None | None |
| Smell When Wet | Mild | Mild |
| Zoomies Frequency | Weekly | Daily |
| Counter Surfing | ||
| Digging Tendency | None | None |
Maltese Quirks
Reverse Sneezing
A common, alarming honking gasp sound caused by excitement or allergies. Usually harmless but terrifying for new owners.
Tear Staining
Rusty streaks under eyes caused by porphyrins in tears. Requires constant cosmetic management with daily wiping and filtered water.
Picky Eating
Master manipulators who may refuse food to hold out for something better. Don't give in or you'll create a monster.
Papillon Quirks
The Papillon 500
Daily zoomies where they run laps around furniture at high speed
Cat-like Perching
Often perch on backs of sofas or armchairs to survey their domain
Naturally Clean
Minimal doggy odor - mud falls off once dry, no clipping/shaving needed
Butterfly Ears
The distinctive fringed ears that give the breed its name (papillon = butterfly in French)
Frequently Asked Questions
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Compare with Other Breeds
Based on comprehensive breed research data.